How Far Can We Push Observational Data to Answer Clinical Questions: Statistical Considerations

Within the prior 24 months, I have had a financial relationship with a company producing, marketing, selling, re-selling, or distributing healthcare products used by or on patients:

• Consultant Fee/Honoraria/Speaker's Bureau - Abiomed; Boston Scientific Corporation; Medtronic; Cathworks; Shockwave Medical
• Grant Support/Research Contract - Boston Scientific Corporation; Medtronic; Bard Medical; Cook Medical